This manual provides the user with both technical and general information to aid in the design, specification, procurement, installation, and understanding of ductile-iron pipe and fittings. It is a discussion of recommended practice, not an AWWA standard calling for compliance with certain specifications. It is intended for use by utilities and municipalities of all sizes, whether as a reference book or textbook for those not fully familiar with ductile-iron pipe and fitting products. Design engineers and consultants may use this manual in preparing plans and specifications for new ductile-iron pipe projects. The manual covers ductile-iron pipe and fitting products and certain appurtenances, and their application to practical installations, whether of a standard or special nature. For adequate knowledge of these products, the entire manual should be studied. Readers will also find the manual a useful source of information when assistance is needed with specific or unusual conditions. The manual contains a list of applicable national standards, which may be purchased from the respective standards organizations (e.g., AWWA, ASTM, etc.). Standards referenced in this manual refer to the latest editions.